james van blaricum - Oil industry
JAMES E. VAN BLARICUM
The report analyzes natural gas demand, supply, and transmission in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The demand analysis provides an understanding of the economic and environmental determinants of natural gas consumption to estimate how the various sectors respond to different gas price regimes. The supply analysis develops a basin-by-basin supply picture, and examines potential new sources of supply such as liquefied natural gas and Arctic gas. The transmission portion of the report provides an extensive review of existing and planned infrastructure in North America emphasizing, among other things, the need to maintain the current infrastructure and to ensure its reliability.
james van blaricum
Generic Hazard - Hazard which may be generally present throughout an operation or industry, but which may have widely different levels of risk, depending on specific site characteristics.
This information, relayed to a centralized control station, allows pipeline engineers to know exactly what is happening along the pipeline at all times. This allows quick reactions to equipment malfunctions, leaks, or any other unusual activity along the pipeline. Some SCADA systems also incorporate the ability to remotely operate certain equipment along the pipeline, including compressor stations, allowing engineers in a centralized control center to immediately and easily adjust flow rates in the pipeline.
Natural gas coming directly from a well contains many natural gas liquids that are commonly removed. In most instances, natural gas liquids (NGLs) have a higher value as separate products, and it is thus economical to remove them from the gas stream. The removal of natural gas liquids usually takes place in a relatively centralized processing plant, and uses techniques similar to those used to dehydrate natural gas.(james e van blaricum)
Conventional perforated completions consist of production casing being run through the formation. The sides of this casing are perforated, with tiny holes along the sides facing the formation, which allows for the flow of hydrocarbons into the well hole, but still provides a suitable amount of support and protection for the well hole. The process of actually perforating the casing involves the use of specialized equipment designed to make tiny holes through the casing, cementing, and any other barrier between the formation and the open well. In the past, ‘bullet perforators’ were used, which were essentially small guns lowered into the well. The guns, when fired from the surface, sent off small bullets that penetrated the casing and cement. Today, ‘jet perforating’ is preferred. This consists of small, electrically ignited charges, lowered into the well. When ignited, these charges poke tiny holes through to the formation, in the same manner as bullet perforating.
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Pipelines can be characterized as interstate or intrastate. Interstate pipelines carry natural gas across state boundaries, in some cases clear across the country. Intrastate pipelines, on the other hand, transport natural gas within a particular state. This section will cover the fundamentals of interstate natural gas pipelines, but the technical and operational details discussed are essentially the same for intrastate pipelines.
As mentioned, natural gas is highly pressurized as it travels through an interstate pipeline. To ensure that the natural gas flowing through any one pipeline remains pressurized, compression of this natural gas is required periodically along the pipe. This is accomplished by compressor stations, usually placed at 40 to 100 mile intervals along the pipeline. The natural gas enters the compressor station, where it is compressed by either a turbine, motor, or engine.
The interstate natural gas pipeline network transports processed natural gas from processing plants in producing regions to those areas with high natural gas requirements, particularly large, populated urban areas. As can be seen, the pipeline network extends across the entire country.(signal oil & gas)
While some of the needed processing can be accomplished at or near the wellhead (field processing), the complete processing of natural gas takes place at a processing plant, usually located in a natural gas producing region. The extracted natural gas is transported to these processing plants through a network of gathering pipelines, which are small-diameter, low pressure pipes. A complex gathering system can consist of thousands of miles of pipes, interconnecting the processing plant to upwards of 100 wells in the area. According to the American Gas Association’s Gas Facts 2000, there was an estimated 36,100 miles of gathering system pipelines in the U.S. in 1999.
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Use of Arcasolve™ is a simple procedure which is similar in all applications. An Arcasolve™ formulation is selected appropriate for the application (to produce the required amount of acid at a particular rate). The formulation is mixed at the wellhead and injected at the desired rate to fill the wellbore or the formation. After placement of the fluid the well is shut in and acid is generated in-situ. The well is then put on production.
All of these factors mean that developing an aquifer formation as a storage facility can be time consuming and expensive. In some instances, aquifer development can take 4 years, which is more than twice the time it takes to develop depleted reservoirs as storage facilities. In addition to the increased time and cost of aquifer storage, there are also environmental restrictions to using aquifers as natural gas storage. In the early 1980’s the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set certain rules and restrictions on the use of aquifers as natural gas storage facilities. These restrictions are intended to reduce the possibility of fresh water contamination.
Oil industry the business of discovering oil ( petroleum ), extracting it from the ground, refining it into a variety of products, and distributing it to the public. The development of the oil industry in the 19th and 20th cent. provided a source of energy that now supplies about two fifths of the world’s energy needs as well as a raw material that chemical and petroleum industries refine into a number of essential chemicals and industrial products.(james e van blaricum)
Traditionally, natural gas has been a seasonal fuel. That is, demand for natural gas is usually higher during the winter, partly because it is used for heat in residential and commercial settings. Stored natural gas plays a vital role in ensuring that any excess supply delivered during the summer months is available to meet the increased demand of the winter months. However, with the recent trend towards natural gas fired electric generation, demand for natural gas during the summer months is now increasing (due to the demand for electricity to power air conditioners and the like). Natural gas in storage also serves as insurance against any unforeseen accidents, natural disasters, or other occurrences that may affect the production or delivery of natural gas.
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Abandonment Allowance (AA) - A 100% allowance for expenditure incurred in respect of abandoning a field.
Marginal Field - A field that may not produce enough net income to make it worth developing at a given time; should technical or economic conditions change, such a field may become commercial.
Drill collars - Heavy pipe-sections that put weight on drill bit.(signal oil & gas)
Does it help to fill up in the morning when fuel is cool? - Very little. While it’s true that gasoline expands as it gets hotter (reducing the energy content in a given volume), the expansion is only about one percent for every 15 degrees F. Moreover, storage tanks at gasoline stations are buried several feet underground, helping to insulate fuel and keep temperature relatively constant. The benefits, if any, of filling up in the morning versus the evening would be hard to notice.
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Although research has improved the odds since Edwin Drake’s days, petroleum exploration today is still a gamble. Geologists study underground rock formations to find areas that might yield oil. Still, even with advanced methods, only about 33 in every 100 exploratory wells have oil. The rest come up “dry.”
Geophysics - Branch of science that applies physical principles to study of planet earth.
Conveying & Treating (C&T) - Services provided by a field to other fields in vicinity.(james e van blaricum)
The key to success is penetration of reactive acid along the fracture. This is more difficult to achieve in acid fraccing than in propped fractures (the other main form of frac treatment). Acid penetration is particularly important in low permeability carbonates which are frequently subject to scaling where small fractures meet larger fractures. Acid fracturing methods which can achieve deep acid penetration offer tremendous potential to solve scaling problems [13].
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Drill collars - Heavy pipe-sections that put weight on drill bit.
Gelled acids are used to retard acid reaction rate in treatments such as acid fracturing. Retardation results from the increased fluid viscosity reducing the rate of acid transfer to the fracture wall. Use of the gelling agents (normally water soluble polymers) is limited to lower temperature formations as most gelling agents degrade rapidly in acid solution at temperatures above 130°F (55°C) .
By proceeding from the lightest hydrocarbons to the heaviest, it is possible to separate the different NGLs reasonably easily.(signal oil and gas company)
Odorant - Substance (for example mercaptan) added to odourless natural gas or NGLs to enable detection.
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Arcasolve™ may be used to effectively stimulate natural fracture networks. Deep penetration along fractures can be achieved before acid is produced. Laboratory evaluation to date has been positive. Field trials are currently being conducted in the Austin Chalk.
Mercaptans - Strong-smelling compounds of carbon, hydrogen and sulphur found in oil and gas. Added to natural gas for safety reasons.
Formation Pressure - Water underlying gas and oil in formation.(signal oil and gas)
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james van blaricum
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james van blaricum
james van blaricum
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james e van blaricum
james e van blaricum
signal oil and gas
signal oil & gas
signal oil and gas
james e van blaricum
james e van blaricum
signal oil and gas company
signal oil & gas company
james e van blaricum
james e van blaricum
signal oil and gas company
signal oil & gas company
james van blaricum
signal oil & gas company
signal oil and gas company
james van blaricum
signal oil & gas
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james e van blaricum
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